On April 7, 2008, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) will hold the Second Review Conference of the "Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Convention" (hereinafter referred to as the "Convention"). In order to better fulfill the responsibilities of the States parties to the Convention, from 4 to 8 March, the China Association of Controlled Chemicals held the fifth Compliance Forum of the Convention in Shenzhen. More than 150 representatives from various provincial and municipal CWC and companies attended the meeting.
It is understood that since its entry into force in April 1997 to February 2008, the Convention has 183 parties. The number of on-site or chemical weapons production facilities announced by each State Party is 5,963, and OPCW has conducted 3,131 inspections on 1,187 sites.
The Chinese government signed the "Convention" on January 13, 1993, and became one of the original parties to the Convention. As of February 2008, China has successfully received more than 140 on-site inspections of OPCW, including the "Convention" monitoring chemicals and chemical weapons left behind by Japan. The inspection results are confirmed to be consistent with the situation announced by China. The OPCW officials and experts who came to China for verification fully affirmed the well-prepared work done by the Chinese government and enterprises to accept the verification. They said on more than one occasion: "The verification work in China is very easy."
Out of concern for the status quo of the international CWC, out of its responsibility for the Convention and out of the expectation for peace for all of mankind, at the Fifth Compliance Forum, Chinese companies also put forward the aim of the Convention's on-site verification mechanism. Five improvements.
Urges Japan to destroy the chemical weapons left behind by the People’s Republic of China The “Convention†stipulates that relevant countries should enhance their sense of urgency and must ensure that all chemical weapons are destroyed before April 29, 2012 to maintain the authority of the Convention. As of 2006, China has discovered chemical weapons abandoned by the Japanese invaders in 58 locations in 14 provinces (districts) in the country. Among them, the number was found in Harbarling, Dunhua City, Jilin Province. According to the Chinese and Japanese experts’ precise detection, It is estimated that there are nearly 400,000 chemical shells. The number of chemical weapons discovered in other places ranges from a few dozen to as many as tens of thousands. There are still many clues about Japan’s abandonment of chemical weapons that need further investigation and confirmation. However, so far, Japan's abandoned chemical weapons have been discovered only after they have been excavated for differential packaging and storage. Due to years of burial in the ground and in the water, most of these chemical weapons have been seriously rusted and deformed, and some have leaked, which still poses great danger to the lives, property and ecological environment of the Chinese people. The reporter was informed that although some progress has been made in dealing with Japan’s abandonment of chemical weapons, no one has yet been destroyed. Therefore, at the Fifth Compliance Forum, the participating companies stated that the OPCW should urge the Japanese government to earnestly implement the responsibilities and obligations of the abandoned country as stipulated in the “Conventionâ€, strengthen and improve the destruction of Japan’s legacy chemical weapons in China, and increase human and financial resources. In addition to investing resources, we have stepped up the destruction process in an active and responsible manner and completely destroyed Japan’s chemical weapons as soon as possible.
Improve the existing verification screening model It is understood that the existing announced data show that the number of industrial facilities accounted for 96.5% of the globally announced sites or facilities, but this is far less than the 3.5% of chemical demilitarized facilities for the Convention. †poses a risk. Therefore, the participating companies suggested that further measures should be taken to improve the method of measuring the risk coefficient of industrial facilities, from high to low and to follow the principle of equitable geographical distribution, to rationally allocate verification resources and to increase verification efficiency.
According to the existing verification screening methods and models, it is necessary to spend a few decades to fully check the announced global industrial facilities. The goal of “ensure that all chemical weapons are destroyed before April 29, 2012†may be greatly reduced. . Objectively speaking, OPCW has consumed a large amount of limited resources for this purpose, and its verification results also hardly reflect the effective control and restriction of the Convention on chemical weapons production.
Take China as an example. According to statistics, so far, OPCW has verified the three provinces of Jiangsu, Shandong, and Zhejiang in 24, 18, and 13, respectively, accounting for more than half of the total number of inspections in China. Jiangsu Melan Chemical Co., Ltd. received high-frequency verification of OPCW in 2002, 2005, and 2006. Zhongyin Chenguang Chemical Research Institute also received verification in 1998, 1999, and 2007. Fuxin Materials Co., Ltd. received 2 verifications. High-frequency verification of the same country, the same region, or even the same company greatly increases the manpower and material resources consumed by the company, adversely affects the company’s image and even the image of the local government, and wastes the OPCW's limited verification resources. Reduced verification efficiency has affected the authority of the OPCW verification.
Clearly Defined Chemicals In accordance with the Chemical Annex and Verification Annex to the Convention, the scope of verification is to include explosives and chemicals other than pure hydrocarbons - specific organic chemicals (DOCs). Therefore, according to the Convention, companies must declare specific organic chemicals/phosphorus sulfur chemicals. However, contracting companies have found that the definition of specific organic chemicals stipulated in the “Convention†is very broad. Such a provision seems to reflect the general binding nature of DOC but actually reduces the effectiveness of the implementation of the Convention. And operability. For example, the inclusion of some of the most basic organic chemicals (alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, phenols, etc.), chemical dyes, etc. in the scope of the announcement will add a great deal of difficulty to identification and data collection.
The participating companies suggested that if the study improves the definition of the DOC, narrows the scope of DOC declaration for civil chemicals, raises the threshold for declaration and verification, and eliminates as much as possible non-degradable, low activity and general organic chemicals, and the degree of correlation with chemical weapons production is not Large chemicals, or clearly list the chemicals according to the abstract number of the chemical abstracts, and clearly control the scope, can greatly enhance the operability of corporate performance.
Developed countries should provide support to China's performance companies. Although the "Convention" does not distinguish between different countries' different responsibilities, it is realistic to see that performance is more responsible for the developing and undeveloped countries where the chemical industry is in the middle or early stages of development. . The related companies in these countries have a low degree of intensification, a large number of small businesses, extensive production management, a relatively backward production process, and low technical quality. In order to implement the "Convention", companies must measure certain links or substances in the production process. While some chemical products are toxic or have relatively special properties, it is difficult to find suitable measuring instruments. The safety hazards and environmental protection problems in the verification must not be Not worrying. In addition, many chemical reactions are complicated and many side reactions occur simultaneously with the main reaction. Many by-products are difficult to purify and recover, and can only be treated as waste. According to performance requirements, companies must conduct component identification and quantitative analysis, which requires companies to purchase testing equipment, send more personnel, and increase the workload. At the same time, there are also great safety and environmental risks in the process of sampling and analysis. This has virtually increased the burden on companies. Therefore, developed countries should provide developing and underdeveloped countries with technical and financial support to work together. Only in this way can we prevent the occurrence of other accidents that are detrimental to the human environment and safety while doing a good job of preventing proliferation of chemical weapons.
Popularization of the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons From the Dolls In July 2004, four children found a shell in the lotus river bank of Dunhua City, Jilin Province, where two children found hand-legs and other parts due to contact with the fluid that flowed from the missile. Redness and ulceration. Upon expert identification, it was confirmed that the outflowing liquid shells were chemical bombs abandoned by Japanese invaders. This tragedy reminds Chinese companies that providing professionals with relevant knowledge is an effective way to strengthen corporate awareness of compliance. However, only professionals with relevant knowledge are not enough. Therefore, Chinese enterprises appeal that countries should start with basic education and strengthen the education of elementary and middle school students on the basic knowledge of the Convention, including how to identify chemical weapons so that students in the school can understand which chemicals are related to chemical weapons during their studies. Which organic synthesis can lead to the production of chemical weapons poisons and other knowledge.
It is understood that the number of relevant industrial facilities announced by China accounts for nearly one-third of the total number of industrial declarations in each of the contracting parties. There is a large amount of compliance work and there is also a certain degree of difficulty. China's national implementation authority and local compliance agencies have overcome various difficulties in the number of chemical companies, variety of products, lack of modern management methods, and submitted initial declarations, subsequent annual announcements, and announcements of expected activities to OPCW on time and with high quality. Various types of announcement data. In order to increase work efficiency, the national implementation authority has also developed a fully functional national chemical warfare communication network and data management system. The nationwide statistical work on the monitoring of chemicals has achieved a level-by-level reporting and regional responsibility management model. The effectiveness and quality of the data announcement. In order to achieve effective management of the monitored chemicals, the national implementation authority has also implemented a special permit for monitoring the production of chemicals. The Measures stipulates that new facilities, expansion or reconstruction of facilities for the production of monitoring chemicals shall be reported to the provincial performance agencies and approved by the national implementation authority, and follow-up management shall be implemented. These measures have played an important role in standardizing corporate performance, strengthening basic management of enterprises, making data declarations, receiving international verification and preventing proliferation.
It is understood that since its entry into force in April 1997 to February 2008, the Convention has 183 parties. The number of on-site or chemical weapons production facilities announced by each State Party is 5,963, and OPCW has conducted 3,131 inspections on 1,187 sites.
The Chinese government signed the "Convention" on January 13, 1993, and became one of the original parties to the Convention. As of February 2008, China has successfully received more than 140 on-site inspections of OPCW, including the "Convention" monitoring chemicals and chemical weapons left behind by Japan. The inspection results are confirmed to be consistent with the situation announced by China. The OPCW officials and experts who came to China for verification fully affirmed the well-prepared work done by the Chinese government and enterprises to accept the verification. They said on more than one occasion: "The verification work in China is very easy."
Out of concern for the status quo of the international CWC, out of its responsibility for the Convention and out of the expectation for peace for all of mankind, at the Fifth Compliance Forum, Chinese companies also put forward the aim of the Convention's on-site verification mechanism. Five improvements.
Urges Japan to destroy the chemical weapons left behind by the People’s Republic of China The “Convention†stipulates that relevant countries should enhance their sense of urgency and must ensure that all chemical weapons are destroyed before April 29, 2012 to maintain the authority of the Convention. As of 2006, China has discovered chemical weapons abandoned by the Japanese invaders in 58 locations in 14 provinces (districts) in the country. Among them, the number was found in Harbarling, Dunhua City, Jilin Province. According to the Chinese and Japanese experts’ precise detection, It is estimated that there are nearly 400,000 chemical shells. The number of chemical weapons discovered in other places ranges from a few dozen to as many as tens of thousands. There are still many clues about Japan’s abandonment of chemical weapons that need further investigation and confirmation. However, so far, Japan's abandoned chemical weapons have been discovered only after they have been excavated for differential packaging and storage. Due to years of burial in the ground and in the water, most of these chemical weapons have been seriously rusted and deformed, and some have leaked, which still poses great danger to the lives, property and ecological environment of the Chinese people. The reporter was informed that although some progress has been made in dealing with Japan’s abandonment of chemical weapons, no one has yet been destroyed. Therefore, at the Fifth Compliance Forum, the participating companies stated that the OPCW should urge the Japanese government to earnestly implement the responsibilities and obligations of the abandoned country as stipulated in the “Conventionâ€, strengthen and improve the destruction of Japan’s legacy chemical weapons in China, and increase human and financial resources. In addition to investing resources, we have stepped up the destruction process in an active and responsible manner and completely destroyed Japan’s chemical weapons as soon as possible.
Improve the existing verification screening model It is understood that the existing announced data show that the number of industrial facilities accounted for 96.5% of the globally announced sites or facilities, but this is far less than the 3.5% of chemical demilitarized facilities for the Convention. †poses a risk. Therefore, the participating companies suggested that further measures should be taken to improve the method of measuring the risk coefficient of industrial facilities, from high to low and to follow the principle of equitable geographical distribution, to rationally allocate verification resources and to increase verification efficiency.
According to the existing verification screening methods and models, it is necessary to spend a few decades to fully check the announced global industrial facilities. The goal of “ensure that all chemical weapons are destroyed before April 29, 2012†may be greatly reduced. . Objectively speaking, OPCW has consumed a large amount of limited resources for this purpose, and its verification results also hardly reflect the effective control and restriction of the Convention on chemical weapons production.
Take China as an example. According to statistics, so far, OPCW has verified the three provinces of Jiangsu, Shandong, and Zhejiang in 24, 18, and 13, respectively, accounting for more than half of the total number of inspections in China. Jiangsu Melan Chemical Co., Ltd. received high-frequency verification of OPCW in 2002, 2005, and 2006. Zhongyin Chenguang Chemical Research Institute also received verification in 1998, 1999, and 2007. Fuxin Materials Co., Ltd. received 2 verifications. High-frequency verification of the same country, the same region, or even the same company greatly increases the manpower and material resources consumed by the company, adversely affects the company’s image and even the image of the local government, and wastes the OPCW's limited verification resources. Reduced verification efficiency has affected the authority of the OPCW verification.
Clearly Defined Chemicals In accordance with the Chemical Annex and Verification Annex to the Convention, the scope of verification is to include explosives and chemicals other than pure hydrocarbons - specific organic chemicals (DOCs). Therefore, according to the Convention, companies must declare specific organic chemicals/phosphorus sulfur chemicals. However, contracting companies have found that the definition of specific organic chemicals stipulated in the “Convention†is very broad. Such a provision seems to reflect the general binding nature of DOC but actually reduces the effectiveness of the implementation of the Convention. And operability. For example, the inclusion of some of the most basic organic chemicals (alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, phenols, etc.), chemical dyes, etc. in the scope of the announcement will add a great deal of difficulty to identification and data collection.
The participating companies suggested that if the study improves the definition of the DOC, narrows the scope of DOC declaration for civil chemicals, raises the threshold for declaration and verification, and eliminates as much as possible non-degradable, low activity and general organic chemicals, and the degree of correlation with chemical weapons production is not Large chemicals, or clearly list the chemicals according to the abstract number of the chemical abstracts, and clearly control the scope, can greatly enhance the operability of corporate performance.
Developed countries should provide support to China's performance companies. Although the "Convention" does not distinguish between different countries' different responsibilities, it is realistic to see that performance is more responsible for the developing and undeveloped countries where the chemical industry is in the middle or early stages of development. . The related companies in these countries have a low degree of intensification, a large number of small businesses, extensive production management, a relatively backward production process, and low technical quality. In order to implement the "Convention", companies must measure certain links or substances in the production process. While some chemical products are toxic or have relatively special properties, it is difficult to find suitable measuring instruments. The safety hazards and environmental protection problems in the verification must not be Not worrying. In addition, many chemical reactions are complicated and many side reactions occur simultaneously with the main reaction. Many by-products are difficult to purify and recover, and can only be treated as waste. According to performance requirements, companies must conduct component identification and quantitative analysis, which requires companies to purchase testing equipment, send more personnel, and increase the workload. At the same time, there are also great safety and environmental risks in the process of sampling and analysis. This has virtually increased the burden on companies. Therefore, developed countries should provide developing and underdeveloped countries with technical and financial support to work together. Only in this way can we prevent the occurrence of other accidents that are detrimental to the human environment and safety while doing a good job of preventing proliferation of chemical weapons.
Popularization of the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons From the Dolls In July 2004, four children found a shell in the lotus river bank of Dunhua City, Jilin Province, where two children found hand-legs and other parts due to contact with the fluid that flowed from the missile. Redness and ulceration. Upon expert identification, it was confirmed that the outflowing liquid shells were chemical bombs abandoned by Japanese invaders. This tragedy reminds Chinese companies that providing professionals with relevant knowledge is an effective way to strengthen corporate awareness of compliance. However, only professionals with relevant knowledge are not enough. Therefore, Chinese enterprises appeal that countries should start with basic education and strengthen the education of elementary and middle school students on the basic knowledge of the Convention, including how to identify chemical weapons so that students in the school can understand which chemicals are related to chemical weapons during their studies. Which organic synthesis can lead to the production of chemical weapons poisons and other knowledge.
It is understood that the number of relevant industrial facilities announced by China accounts for nearly one-third of the total number of industrial declarations in each of the contracting parties. There is a large amount of compliance work and there is also a certain degree of difficulty. China's national implementation authority and local compliance agencies have overcome various difficulties in the number of chemical companies, variety of products, lack of modern management methods, and submitted initial declarations, subsequent annual announcements, and announcements of expected activities to OPCW on time and with high quality. Various types of announcement data. In order to increase work efficiency, the national implementation authority has also developed a fully functional national chemical warfare communication network and data management system. The nationwide statistical work on the monitoring of chemicals has achieved a level-by-level reporting and regional responsibility management model. The effectiveness and quality of the data announcement. In order to achieve effective management of the monitored chemicals, the national implementation authority has also implemented a special permit for monitoring the production of chemicals. The Measures stipulates that new facilities, expansion or reconstruction of facilities for the production of monitoring chemicals shall be reported to the provincial performance agencies and approved by the national implementation authority, and follow-up management shall be implemented. These measures have played an important role in standardizing corporate performance, strengthening basic management of enterprises, making data declarations, receiving international verification and preventing proliferation.