Flotation is carried out in an aqueous medium, while the water used for flotation varies with time and place. The composition of water has a great influence on flotation, and the quality of floating water must be emphasized. According to different situations, the water for floating can be divided into the following categories:
(1) Soft water Most rivers and lakes are soft water and are the most used in flotation. It is characterized by relatively low salinity, generally less than 0.1% salt, polyvalent metal ions is low. The hardness of water is usually measured by the amount of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions in water. The total hardness of water can be converted as follows:
The indicator, and the flotation speed is 60% higher than ordinary fresh water. A lead-zinc mine with seawater flotation tests proved no influence on the flotation of lead, lead concentrate grade, impurity, flotation recoveries are similar to fresh water, have a certain impact on the zinc flotation, manifested in increased drug usage, such as lime, sulfuric acid copper were increased, comparing gangue easy to float, to add water glass, zinc concentrate grade and recovery of the flotation index slightly lower than the fresh water. When using seawater flotation, attention should be paid to the corrosion of equipment by seawater.
Flotation (4) a saturated solution of soluble salts of the "soluble salts, such as rock salt, potash, borax and the like need to be in a saturated solution thereof in order to reduce the loss of useful components, it is necessary to fully use the backwater (called mother liquor) .
When flotation is carried out in a saturated salt solution, the following conditions must be met for the collector :
1) It can dissolve in a saturated salt solution and does not form a precipitate with ions in the solution;
2) can be adsorbed by salts in a saturated salt solution;
3) The concentration required should not exceed the critical concentration at which the micelles are formed.
Commonly used collectors are hydrocarbyl sulfates, sulfonates, amines and short hydrocarbon chain fatty acids.
(5) Backwaters The recycling of tailings wastewater has received increasing attention. Whether it is from environmental protection, or from the point of view of saving medicine and industrial water, the use of backwater is necessary. The characteristics of the backwater in the flotation plant are generally more organic and inorganic agents, and the composition is more complicated. In particular, fine-grained slime must be considered for their impact on the flotation process. Practice has proved that when dealing with single metal ore, the backwater utilization is relatively simple. For example, when steel nickel crucible is floated, the backwater can be used all at once, which can reduce the consumption of chemicals: 17% alkali, 23% xanthate; when treating polymetallic ore, The recycling of backwater is more complicated. In principle, the wastewater discharged from the same circuit is reasonable for the same circuit. The specific utilization plan and the proportion of use (fresh water: backwater) are generally determined by experiments.
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