Polypropylene is a widely used thermoplastic material due to its abundant raw materials, low cost, excellent performance, and broad application range. It is currently one of the fastest-growing plastics in the thermoplastic industry. In the automotive sector, each vehicle can contain up to 10–20 kg of polypropylene, used in dozens of different components such as body parts, ventilation system accessories, engine parts, and exterior elements. The specific requirements for these materials vary depending on their placement in the vehicle. Generally, they must exhibit good heat resistance, impact resistance, aging resistance, and high rigidity. When selecting a material, it's important to consider not only the performance indicators but also the cost-effectiveness.
Due to the higher demands of automotive applications compared to consumer products, standard polypropylene often fails to meet the necessary performance standards. As a result, modified polypropylene has seen significant development in recent years. One of the most common and effective methods for modifying polypropylene is polymer blending, where two or more polymers are combined to create a material that integrates the best properties of each component.
(1) **Enhancing Low-Temperature Impact Resistance**: Adding materials like EPDM, polybutylene, butyl rubber, polyisobutylene, or EVA can significantly improve the impact strength of polypropylene, especially at low temperatures.
(2) **Improving Colorability**: Incorporating substances such as PA, PU, polyacrylates, or polyester can enhance the coloring properties of polypropylene, making it more suitable for aesthetic applications.
(3) **Enhancing Antistatic Properties**: Polypropylene is inherently insulative and prone to static buildup. While antistatic agents alone may not be very effective, combining them with polyvinyl alcohol can produce a much better antistatic effect.
(4) **Improving Flame Retardancy**: Like many plastics, polypropylene is flammable and has a high heat of combustion, which makes it unsuitable for certain automotive applications. To address this, flame retardants are often added to reduce flammability.
(5) **Filling and Reinforcing Modified Polypropylene**: Filling polypropylene with materials like talc, mica, calcium carbonate, or glass microspheres can enhance its heat resistance, rigidity, and dimensional stability. However, these modifications typically do not reach the performance level of engineering plastics. To achieve higher mechanical strength, heat resistance, and creep resistance, glass fibers—especially those surface-treated to have strong compatibility with the resin—are often added.
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