1 According to the geological characteristics of the ore body and surrounding rock, the main engineering geological problems appear in the horizon, and the engineering geological exploration in the mining area is divided into four categories:
The first type of loose, soft rock: Quaternary sand, gravel and cohesive soil, or the third series of weakly cemented sand, clay rock-based rock. Rock mass stability depends on lithology, rock formation and water saturation, and the stability is poor. The lithology, structure and physical and mechanical characteristics of the rock (soil) body should be identified in the exploration.
The second type of massive rocks: rocks with igneous rocks and crystalline metamorphic rocks. The block structure, the stability of the rock mass depends on the degree of development of the structural fracture zone, the alteration zone and the weathering zone, and the stability of the rock mass is generally good. The exploration should focus on the distribution, occurrence, extension, filling, roughness and combination of the II and III structural planes (Appendix D); the width and degree of fracture of the altered zone; the depth of weathering zone and the degree of weathering .
The third type of stratified rocks: rocks with clastic rocks, sedimentary metamorphic rocks, and volcanic sedimentary rocks. Layered structure, rock anisotropy, large change in strength. The stability of rock mass mainly depends on the weak side of the layer, the weak interlayer, the structural fracture and the degree of weathering of the rock mass. In the exploration, the combination characteristics of the rock stratum should be highlighted; the location, quantity, clay mineral composition, thickness and its hydraulic and physical and mechanical properties of the weak interlayer.
The fourth type of soluble salt rock: mainly carbonate rock, followed by sulphate rock, salt rock and other rock types. Engineering geological conditions are generally more complicated. The exploration should focus on the spatial distribution and development of karst and alteration zones, the solubility of soluble rocks, the distribution, thickness, lithology, structure and physical and mechanical properties of Quaternary loose and soft layers.
2 According to the topography, geomorphology, stratum lithology, geological structure, rock mass weathering and karst development degree, Quaternary coverage thickness, groundwater hydrostatic pressure and other factors, the complexity of engineering geological exploration is divided into three types:
Simple type: the terrain and landform conditions are simple, the terrain is conducive to natural drainage; the lithology of the stratum is single, the geological structure is simple, the karst is not developed, the rock mass structure is mainly monolithic or thick layered structure, the rock has high strength, good stability and is difficult to be Mine engineering geological problems have occurred.
Moderate: The lithology of the stratum is more complicated, the geological structure is developed, the weathering and karst are moderate or there are weak interlayers and the local fracture zone and the saturated sand layer affect the stability of the rock mass. The local engineering is prone to mine engineering geological problems.
Complex type: complex lithology, rock weathering, strong karstification, tectonic fracture zone development, rock fragmentation, strong neotectonic activity or thick and weak layer thickness, water-bearing sand layer, wide distribution, groundwater with large hydrostatic pressure, mine Engineering geological problems occur more frequently and often.
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