1. Video surveillance and acquisition technology
This technology is a new acquisition technology that combines video image and pattern recognition and applies it to the transportation field. The video detection system converts the continuous analog image collected by the video capture device into discrete digital images, and then obtains information such as the vehicle number and model by software analysis, and then calculates traffic such as traffic flow, vehicle speed, headway distance, occupancy rate, etc. parameter. The video detection system with the vehicle tracking function can also confirm the steering and lane changing actions of the vehicle. The video detector can collect the most traffic parameters, and the captured images can be reused to provide a visual image for accident management.
Video surveillance has great advantages over other sensing technologies. They do not require any equipment to be deployed on the road or in the roadbed, so they are also called "non-implantable" traffic monitoring. When a vehicle passes by, the video captured by the black and white or color camera will be input to the processor for analysis to find changes in the characteristics of the video image. The camera is usually fixed to a building or pillar near the driveway.
2.GPS technology
GPS is the core technology of many in-vehicle navigation systems. The embedded GPS receiver equipped in the vehicle can receive signals from different satellites and calculate the current location of the vehicle. The positioning error is usually a few meters. Vehicles need to have a wide field of view when receiving GPS signals, so the use of this technology may be limited in the central area of ​​the city due to occlusion of the building.
3. Dedicated short-range communication technology
Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) technology is a dedicated wireless communication technology designed for communication between vehicles and road infrastructure in the field of intelligent transportation. It is fixed to the lane or roadside unit and loaded on the moving vehicle. Specification of the communication interface between the vehicle unit (electronic tag).
The DSRC communication system mainly includes three parts: an On-Board Unit (OBU), a Road-side Unit (RSU), and a communication protocol. The DSRC technical standard adopted in China works in the ISM58GHz frequency band, with a downlink of 5.83GHz/584GHz, a transmission rate of 500Kb/s, an uplink of 5.79GHz and 5.80GHz, and a transmission rate of 250Kb/s.
DSRC technology connects vehicles and road infrastructure into a network through two-way transmission of information, supports point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communication, and has the characteristics of two-way, high-speed, real-time and strong, and is widely used in road toll and vehicle accident warning vehicles. Travel information services, parking lot management and other fields.
4. Location awareness technology
Location-aware technologies in intelligent transportation are currently divided into two categories, one based on satellite communication positioning, such as the US Global Positioning System (GPS) and China's Beidou positioning system, which use satellite launch benchmarks orbiting the Earth. Signal, the receiver receives more than 4 satellite signals at the same time, and determines the latitude and longitude of the current position by triangulation. By deploying the receiver on a special vehicle and recording the three-dimensional position coordinates (longitude coordinate, latitude coordinate, height coordinate) and time information of the vehicle at a certain time interval, supplemented by electronic map data, road speed can be calculated. Traffic data.
Another type of location-aware technology is based on a cellular network base station. The basic principle is to utilize the cellular structure of the mobile communication network to obtain corresponding traffic information by locating the mobile terminal. The technology includes two methods: the first uses the known cellular base station location to perform absolute positioning of the mobile terminal, for example, based on radio wave arrival time, time difference, and A-GPS (Assisted GPS) technology for positioning; The mobile terminal continuously switches to the new base station during the mobile process to ensure the quality of the network communication. Therefore, the movement on the urban road corresponds to a stable handover sequence, and the traffic flow information can be calculated by collecting the handover sequence of all users at the base station.
5. RFID
RFID is the abbreviation of RadioFrequencyIdentification, which is radio frequency identification. It automatically recognizes the target object and acquires relevant data through the RF signal, and the identification work can work in various harsh environments without manual intervention. RFID technology can recognize high-speed moving objects and recognize multiple labels at the same time, which is quick and easy to operate. The basic RFID system consists of a tag, a reader, and an antenna. RFID technology has broad application prospects. Logistics warehousing, retail, manufacturing, medical and other fields are potential applications of RFID. In addition, due to its fast reading and unforgeable characteristics, RFID is being developed in some countries. Adopting RFID technology RFID has the functions of vehicle communication, automatic identification, positioning, remote monitoring, etc. It has a very wide application in the identification and management system of mobile vehicles.
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