Copper has been subjected to many stages from the underground mining to the end of copper products, such as wires or pipes.
The initial stage of mining and crushing all raw copper is to mine sulfide ore and oxidized ore. After excavation or blasting, it is broken into walnut-sized ore.
Grinding the crushed ore in a ball or rod mill Crusher large ground to a powder. The copper in the powder is less than 1%. The sulphide ore enters the beneficiation stage, and the oxidized ore enters the leaching tank as programmed.
The ore after beneficiation and dressing contains about 15% copper. The waste is discarded and the water is recovered. The tailings containing copper oxide are programmed into the leaching tank or returned to the surrounding tailings pond.
After beneficiation, cathode pure copper can be obtained in two different ways: leaching-electrolysis or smelting-electrolytic refining.
Leaching The oxidized ore and tailings are leached with a weak acid solution to produce a dilute copper sulfate solution.
Electrolytic deposition of a copper-rich solution is treated and then passed to an electrolytic cell. When energized, the copper ions in the solution move directly to the initial plate made of pure copper sheet. Precious metals can be extracted from the solution.
Smelting After several melting and refining processes, the copper content continues to increase, followed by matte and blister copper and the final 99% pure copper. The recovered copper starts from remelting and is used again.
Electrolytic refining immerses a cast anode plate that is nearly pure copper into an electrolytic cell. The initial plate made of pure copper sheet was deposited there to form 300 pounds of cathode copper. Gold, silver and platinum can be recovered from the used electrolyte. 99.9% pure copper cathode of pure copper cathode plate can be transported to the processing plant or foundry for melting.
Cathode copper can also be cast into wire rods, blanks, ingots or ingots, typically as pure copper or alloyed with other metals. The cathode copper is converted into a wire rod - 1/2 inch in diameter, which can be drawn into various specifications of pure copper wire by the wire factory. Billet - 30 feet long and 8 inches in diameter pure copper, which is sawn and then extruded and drawn into rods and bars of various sizes and shapes. Garden bars can be used for forging. Ingot-pure copper billets, typically 8 inches thick and up to 28 feet in length, can be hot rolled-cold rolled to produce sheets, strips and foils. Ingots - pure copper blocks, which can be used to alloy with other metals or used by foundries to produce castings .
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