To ensure the safety of construction, preventive measures must be taken to eliminate potential safety hazards and ensure on-site construction safety. Safety hazards include unsafe behavior of people, unsafe conditions or equipment, and management defects.
People are the victims and responsible people of security incidents, and people are the primary factor in security management. In the safety production system, the quality of people (psychological and physiological, safety, cultural quality) is dominant, and human behavior runs through every link of the construction process. Prevent from the following aspects:
a. Carry out various forms of training and education that focus on results, improve people's quality, and improve prevention and control. First of all, we must raise our awareness of safety education, truly put safety education in a key position, establish a safety-first mind, and take a multi-pronged approach to education. It is necessary to carry out routine safety education through safety training and safety month, and to give full play to the functions of safety meetings, factory reports, television, video, blackboard newspapers, warning signs, etc., to strengthen the publicity effect; in the form of safety education The content should be rich and colorful, and the new and innovative, so that security education is knowledgeable, interesting, and entertaining. The employees are educated and edified in the activities, and strengthen the security awareness in the subtle. Through various forms of publicity and education, we must gradually form an atmosphere of "everyone speaks about safety, everything is safe, and always talks about safety", so that the broad masses of employees can gradually realize the ideological leap from "make me safe" to "I want to be safe". Further sublimate to the realm of "I will be safe." Preventive prevention, prior treatment, and ensure that preventive measures are in place. Safety education is always provided to all employees to familiarize and master many safety knowledge to avoid personal and equipment accidents at work. Regularly train employees on safety common sense and operational skills to improve the overall safety of all employees and ensure personal safety and equipment safety.
b. Strict management, control of people's behavior, follow the rules, eliminate violations, and abide by procedures and measures. We must implement the principle of “who is in charge and who is responsibleâ€, conscientiously implement the system of safety responsibility, and at the same time, layer-by-layer, layer-by-layer, and layer-by-layer decomposition, and implement responsibility to everyone. Formulate, improve and implement various rules and regulations, and formalize, standardize and operate various systems. Supervision, inspection, implementation, and rectification work must be horizontal to the side and vertical to the end. Strengthening safety precautions, safety management embodies “strictness, detail, and reality†and eliminates the phenomenon of watching flowers. Firmly grasp the principle of "safety first, prevention first", take preventive and preventive measures, strictly abide by various rules and regulations and operating procedures, and carry out safety inspections: "regular inspection, irregular sampling and review" And do three timely: "in time inspection, timely discovery, timely rectification", change the original "post-treatment" into "pre-control", to achieve the "safety first, prevention-oriented" purpose, put all kinds of hidden dangers And danger is eliminated in the bud.
c. Troubleshoot people's own defects and adopt scientific methods to avoid conflicts. People are the foundation of management. The main body of management is people, the object is also people, the driving force of management and the ultimate goal is still people. Therefore, in the process of safety management, enterprises must respect people, care for people, take people as the basis, take necessary measures to protect individual interests, enable everyone to find a sense of belonging, and finally form a "fate community of security management" to promote the improvement and improvement of safety management.
d. Pay attention to the incentive effect and strictly implement the reward and punishment system. The manager deeply understands the internal needs of the employees and satisfies them, mobilizing the enthusiasm of the employees, thereby stimulating work enthusiasm and inspiring creativity. Therefore, the introduction of multiple incentive mechanisms in enterprise safety management has become an important direction required for the modernization of safety management culture. It is necessary to pay attention to the use of positive incentives. On the one hand, on the basis of safety production responsibility system at all levels, material rewards should be given to collectives and individuals who have completed good conditions. The amount must be large; on the other hand, security modelers can be selected from management to The grassroots must be representative to satisfy the individual's sense of honor. In the study of enterprise management in China, many people also discussed the role and practices of incentives, and proposed ways and methods such as “image incentivesâ€, “inner incentives†and “honor incentivesâ€. Choose as appropriate.
e. Implement humanized management, attach importance to everyone, and incorporate all employees into safety management. Everyone, every problem in the link will cause losses.
Equipment is a special tool for contact and use in people's work, which ensures the safety management of equipment and has great significance for safe production. To prevent accidents caused by equipment, start from the following aspects:
a. Equipment must comply with national and industry safety standards, with safety assessment certificates and safety signs.
b. Equipment on-site installation conforms to human and machine engineering principles.
c. The equipment is kept in good condition, regular maintenance, sensitive and reliable.
d. Other construction or environment does not cause harm to the equipment.
People carry out production activities on various substances through equipment and tools. The materials and materials run through the whole process of safe production. Material materials and derivatives produced during the production process also have an impact on safe production. Precautions should be taken in advance in safe production.
a. Use materials that are of acceptable quality and meet safety production requirements.
b. The materials used meet the safety and health requirements and do not pose any harm to the human body.
c. The construction process is designed to meet the needs of safe production.
d. Take necessary protective measures for the production of toxic and hazardous substances.
The construction method directly determines the consequences of safe production. If the construction method conforms to the scientific law, conforms to the objective reality, and meets the requirements of safe production, it will achieve safe production. If the objective law cannot be reflected, the safety accident will be inevitable. Prevention from construction methods should start from the following aspects:
a. The construction of the procedures and measures should be scientific and objective, detailed, practical and targeted, and meet the requirements of safety production laws and regulations, and must be implemented after approval.
b. Strictly observe the operating procedures, safety regulations and operating procedures during construction to prevent violations.
c. Changes in site conditions must be supplemented with procedures and measures in a timely manner to change the construction method in a timely manner.
d. Each participating construction personnel must be proficient in operating techniques, master the rules and regulations, and be familiar with operating procedures and safety precautions.
c. According to work experience and accident experience and lessons, timely supplement the provisions of the normative procedures. New technologies, new processes, new materials, and new equipment must undergo safety demonstrations and develop safety technical measures.
The quality of the work environment not only affects the emotional and psychological state of the construction workers, but also directly affects safe production. The following preventive and control measures should be taken for the safety control of the working environment:
a. Create a safe construction environment for construction workers in accordance with safety production laws and regulations.
b. The underground environment of the mine is complex and variable. Before the construction, the hidden dangers should be checked on the site to ensure that the hidden dangers are handled and controlled. During the construction, the changes of the surrounding working environment can be observed at any time, and the hidden dangers can be checked in time, and the hidden dangers are not ruled out.
c. Before the construction, it is necessary to predict the risk factors in the workplace, and confirm the safety hazards on the spot according to the danger prediction card or requirements, and confirm the exclusion or control safety before quitting construction.
d. The hidden dangers should be considered from the present, future and past ten times. From the abnormal and normal conditions, necessary measures should be taken to control each hidden danger.
e. The layout of the work environment should be scientific and reasonable, and people and machines, machines and roadways should meet the safety distance and conform to the principle of human-machine engineering.
The quality of management determines the quality of safety production. Any management defects may leave a safety hazard and cause a safety accident. Safety management should be prevented from the following aspects:
a. Incorporate all employees into safety management. To ensure safety, we must adhere to the mass line and form a consensus on "safe work, everyone is responsible", and truly combine professional management with mass management. At the same time, give full play to the backbone of professional safety management personnel, attract all employees to participate in safety management. Fully mobilize and give full play to the enthusiasm of the safety work of the employees. The safety work responsibility system provides an institutional guarantee for all employees to participate in safety management. It is also necessary to implement operatives and organize employees to participate in new forms of security management, such as security target management.
b. Keep security management throughout. The basic principle of system security is that from the planning and design stage of a new system, it is necessary to start safe work and continue throughout the life of the system until it is scrapped. Safety management should be carried out throughout the implementation of management activities by specific organizations to inspect, monitor, identify, evaluate and control potential safety hazards.
c. Implement comprehensive security management. There is an insecure factor in any place where people are active, and there is a risk of casualties. Therefore, people must consider their safety issues and conduct safety management while producing and living. Safety management is not only a matter of professional safety management departments, but must be managed by the party, government, industry, and other departments. Being meticulous and strict, so that the safety rules and regulations are truly implemented. With the wide application of electronic technology, the management of safety management information has been accelerated, and the safety management has gradually evolved from qualitative to quantitative, and advanced management experience and methods have been rapidly promoted. Various security monitoring, the use of security technology equipment has become one of the important features of modern security management.
d. Implement security target management, and target management can be applied to security management, which is called security target management. It is a kind of safety management method that a specific organization determines the overall safety goal that should be achieved in a certain period of time, decomposes, implements measures, and strictly assesses and achieves safety objectives through internal self-control of the organization. It is based on the overall safety management objectives of specific organizations, and is decomposed step by step, so that the safety objectives at all levels are clear and specific. All aspects are coordinated and harmonious, and all members are scientifically organized within the target system, so that everyone They all define their position and role in the target system, and achieve the safety goals of specific organizations through the active efforts of everyone.
The establishment of safety management objectives requires the participation of the majority of employees, and the leaders and the masses agree on practical and feasible work objectives. The safety objectives should be specific. According to the actual situation, several items can be set, such as the accident rate index, the injury severity index, the accident loss index or the safety technology measure project completion rate. However, the goal should not be too much, lest the power is too scattered. Priority work should be included first in the goal and the goals should be graded or sequenced according to their importance. The goals should be quantifiable for assessment and measurement. Safety target management can exert the power of everyone to improve the safety management performance of the whole organization; it can enhance the resilience of management organizations; it can improve the leadership ability of managers at all levels; it can promote the improvement of the quality of members in the organization; Long-term development.
e. Security management requires a complete management system. It is necessary to form a three-level safety network from the unit, department to department (or factory, department to team). Use a good management information system. The management information system mainly includes five functions: information collection, input, information storage, information transmission, information processing and information output (including information feedback). It brings modern information tools - electronic computers, data communication equipment and technology to the management department, connects information processing centers in different regions through communication networks, and shares resources such as hardware, software, data and communication equipment in the network to accelerate information turnover. To provide accurate and reliable basis for managers' decision-making in a timely manner. It is through the establishment of the security management information system network with the security technology department as the information processing center (central processing machine), various dangerous positions and various professional departments, so that the safety information feedback can promote the continuous inspection, rectification and monitoring of hidden dangers. Form a closed loop management. This system solves the key problems that are common in enterprise security management at present - lack of security information, unclear information transmission channels, untimely feedback, and dangerous information cannot be processed in time. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for enterprises to develop into intrinsic safety management. Of course, enterprise security management is a very complicated task. It is not enough to develop on the one hand by scientific security management. Various measures are also needed to improve the safety of workers (safety skills and safety awareness) and to enhance the staff's self-consciousness and self-protection ability to implement safety regulations.
f. Carry out safety culture construction and effectively promote safe production management. Safety management is a manifestation of safety culture. It is the embodiment of enterprise safety culture in the management of enterprise safety, and the development of rationalization and optimization. Scientific enterprise safety management also belongs to the category of enterprise safety culture construction. The atmosphere and background of a safety culture or a specific safety culture and human environment will also create or create a special safety management model. Regardless of the decision-making level, management, and execution (operational) level of the enterprise, they have their own safety awareness, attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, values, their safe material environment and their respective safety knowledge and operational skills. It is the foundation of enterprise safety management. The enterprise safety culture not only provides the basis and growth of modern enterprise safety management in the spiritual field of safety and technology, but also in the spiritual field of invisible superstructure of safety, such as physiology, psychology, society, morality, customs and cultivation. Background (environment).
2. Ten rights for safe production
Practitioners are the mainstay of safe production and the subject of harm. In order to protect the lives and property of the majority of employees, the "Safe Production Law" gives ten employees the main rights:
1. The employees have the right to know the risk factors, preventive measures and emergency measures for the workplace and work positions of the production and business units.
2. The practitioners have the right to make recommendations on the safety production work of the unit.
3. The employees have the right to criticize, report and sue the problems existing in the safety production work of the unit.
4. Practitioners have the right to refuse to violate the rules and force the risky operation.
5. When an employee finds an emergency that directly endangers personal safety, there is a stop operation and emergency hedging right to stop the operation or evacuate the workplace after taking possible emergency measures.
6. When the practitioners exercise the right to stop operations and emergency hedging in an emergency situation that is found to endanger personal safety, there is a right to be deducted from the unit by the unit to reduce wages, benefits, or terminate the labor contract.
7. Practitioners have the right to injure social insurance according to law.
8. Employees who suffer from work-related injuries or occupational diseases, in addition to legally enjoying social insurance for work-related injuries, also have the right to make compensation to their own units in accordance with relevant civil laws.
9. Practitioners have the right to receive education such as safety knowledge and safety skills training.
10. Employees have the right to obtain labor protection products that meet national or industrial standards.
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