Pharmaceutical drying methods are essential in the production of medicines, including both Western and traditional Chinese medicines, as well as biological agents. The raw materials are often crystalline or wet powders, and the choice of drying method depends on the material’s properties and required end product. Traditional methods such as dry boxes were once widely used, but over the past two decades, more advanced equipment like double cone rotary dryers, vacuum vibrators, and spray dryers have become standard. For aqueous solutions, spray drying is commonly used to produce solid products, while freeze-drying is preferred for temperature-sensitive materials.
Formulation drugs, such as tablets and capsules, require granulation, which has evolved from multi-step processes to one-step granulation techniques like fluidized bed and spray drying. These modern methods improve efficiency, reduce contamination risks, and meet GMP standards. Traditional Chinese medicines, with their complex structures and high viscosity, often use fluidized bed or spray drying to maintain quality and consistency.
Biological products demand precise temperature control, and methods like microwave and freeze-drying are commonly applied. Drying equipment must be designed for easy cleaning, reliable sealing, and compliance with hygiene regulations. Modern systems incorporate CIP (clean-in-place) and SIP (sterilize-in-place) functions, eliminating the need for disassembly and improving operational safety.
In addition to conventional methods, emerging technologies like infrared and microwave drying offer faster and more energy-efficient alternatives. Heat pump drying is also gaining attention for its low-temperature operation and energy savings. Overall, the evolution of drying technology continues to enhance pharmaceutical production, ensuring quality, safety, and efficiency across different drug types.
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