Safety evaluation is to achieve system safety, apply safety system engineering principles and methods, identify and analyze the risk factors and harmful factors in the system, and judge the possibility and severity of accidents and occupational hazards in the system. Provide scientific basis for developing preventive measures and management decisions... Its results have become an important reference for the safety production management of production and operation units and the departments responsible for safety production supervision and management, and even an important basis for their approval and decision-making on safety production issues. However, due to the short time of this work in China, the data collection in the safety information is incomplete, which makes the quality of safety evaluation difficult to control, and it is difficult for the evaluation work to play its role. On the basis of actual evaluation and full investigation, the main factors related to quality control of safety evaluation were analyzed, and relevant control measures were proposed. l Factors affecting the quality of safety assessment Safety assessment is a social work, and its quality is affected by many factors. It has both the evaluation of its own factors and the influence of its external environmental factors. Whether there are relevant laws and regulations, technical norms and standards, whether the safety evaluation subject is qualified, whether the evaluation system is reasonable, and whether external supervision and management is in place has an impact on its quality. 1.1 The perfection of laws and regulations, technical norms and standards Compared with industrial developed countries, China has obvious deficiencies in safety legislation. Although since the founding of the country, China has promulgated more than 280 laws on safety production and labor protection. Regulation [2], and in November 2002 issued the "Safety Production Law of the People's Republic of China". However, due to the large amount of debts owed by China in terms of security, some urgently needed safety regulations are vacant, and some enacted regulations are duplicated and crossover [2], and the enacted regulations lack operability. Many industries have no national standards, and some standards are old and unsuitable for current production requirements. These all bring difficulties to safety evaluation. There are no certain laws and regulations, technical standards are the basis, and safety evaluation naturally lacks reliability. 1.2 Safety evaluation The main body of the safety evaluation of the main body refers to the experts and technicians who undertake the safety evaluation work. The safety evaluation work is qualitatively required to issue fair evaluation conclusions and data. To ensure its objectivity and impartiality, it should also be provided by a third-party intermediary agency that is independent of the government supervision and management department and independent of the unit that receives the evaluation. Do [3]. The quality of the personnel that make up these intermediaries is directly related to the quality of the evaluation work. At present, the agency mostly converted from coal mining system over other systems do not know much, and employees professionalism, theoretical knowledge, practical experience uneven levels, causing the main evaluation itself lacks credibility. What is more serious is that some intermediaries often disregard the principle of “objective, independent and fair†for their own interests, and falsify and harm the interests of the state and enterprises. 1.3 Safety Evaluation The object of the object safety evaluation is the various objects of safety evaluation. Since China is a developing country and multiple economies coexist, the development between regions is not balanced, resulting in different levels of units in the industry. There are both modern large-scale enterprises and workshop-style manual enterprises. It is difficult for the country to develop uniform evaluation standards. China's state-owned enterprises, the previous security investment is insufficient. Safety facilities are aging, and many companies cannot produce them if measured by current standards and can only continue to use them in improvements. This also affects the authority of safety evaluation. 1.4 Rationality of the safety evaluation system In the process of evaluation, how to choose the appropriate evaluation method, and whether the evaluation method itself is reasonable also has a great impact on the safety evaluation work. Many of China's evaluation methods have been introduced from abroad, and some indicators are not in line with China's actual conditions. Under the current circumstances, China's statistical data is not uniform and perfect, and it is difficult to provide guidance and direction for the establishment and improvement of its own evaluation system. To establish a sound evaluation system requires a large amount of basic data, long-term investigation and research, in order to establish an evaluation system in line with China's national conditions as soon as possible, we should study the commonality of foreign mature systems and improve them to form our own evaluation system. In the course of the investigation, it was also found that there were no analysis methods for determining evaluation methods in some evaluation reports, and the necessary analysis steps were lacking. The sample values ​​were not scientific. 1.5 Effectiveness of supervision and management Safety assessment work requires external supervision and management. At present, the departments with management functions are the Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau, the State Administration of Work Safety and the security inspection departments of the provinces. The state and the provinces have made relevant regulations on the agency certification, evaluation requirements, and acceptance criteria for safety evaluation. However, in actual operation, due to the scattered supervision and management functions of the functional departments and the lack of sufficient safety supervision and management authority, the safety evaluation is in the form. Even if the danger of the relevant unit is checked, the evaluation result is difficult to implement due to the lack of effective control authority. Therefore, strengthening the authority of functional departments has become an urgent problem to be solved. Due to the limited level of economic development in China, a good awareness of safety culture has not yet been formed. The leading employees of the enterprise do not have enough understanding of the safety evaluation, and the safety evaluation work is perfunctory and payable. The evaluation workers also often fail to play the role of the F-1, the fraud, the supervision of the supervision department, etc. Some role. 2 Evaluation of quality control measures In view of the problems existing in the current safety evaluation, from the practical point of view, from the perspective of comprehensive management, the F/L evaluation price quality control measures are proposed. 2.1 Improve safety laws and regulations In order to establish a relatively complete and effective safety regulations and standards system, we must modify laws and regulations, technical standards, etc. that are not suitable for current production needs. Japan’s Labor Safety and Health Law has been revised 15 times since its promulgation in 1972, and is revised almost every two to three years [2]. However, China's security legislation process is complicated, and many legislations have clearly laged behind the needs of social development, and they cannot modify and abolish relevant regulations in a timely manner. Moreover, security legislation should strengthen operability and raise the previous industry regulations to the height of the law. The current development situation requires us to establish a special legislative drafting agency under the leadership of the Safety Supervision Bureau to form a more complete legislative plan and improve China's safety regulations as soon as possible. 2.2 Strengthening the supervision and management of the subject and object. China has begun to pay attention to the safety evaluation work, and has also formulated some regulations to supervise the safety evaluation. The management department mainly focuses on the supervision of the safety evaluation subject, focusing on the review of the intermediary structure and the qualification of the evaluation personnel, and the supervision of the evaluation process and conclusions needs to be improved. The evaluation process and conclusion directly affect the quality of evaluation. 2.2.1 Supervision of the evaluation subject 1) Establish national and provincial evaluators and expert databases to avoid the entry of unqualified personnel. 2) Establish a training center to train evaluators in turn every year to ensure the update of their evaluation knowledge. 3) Require evaluation agencies to establish complete quality assurance system documents, including management manuals, program documents, and operation documents. 4) Establish an evaluation agency file and classify the evaluation organization. 5) The acceptance of the safety evaluation strictly follows the relevant regulations, constitutes an expert group for acceptance, and requires the experts to be responsible for the results of the review. 6) Intensify penalties for non-compliance institutions to prevent intermediaries from having false behaviors in the evaluation for economic interests or human relationships. 7) Regularly review the intermediaries in the province or the whole region, and order the units that have major mistakes in their work or deliberately resort to fraud, or order them to rectify or recommend that the national bureau revoke their licenses. 2.2.2 Evaluation of Objects' Supervision 1) Increase publicity so that employees can recognize the importance and rationality of safety evaluation to ensure the smooth development of safety evaluation. 2) Encourage enterprises to conduct self-evaluation and make safety evaluation as a system for a long time. 3) Actively guide enterprises to carry out safety pre-evaluation. At this stage, it is found that correcting design defects can ensure that the future working system achieves “intrinsic safetyâ€. 4) After discovering a company that fails to pass the safety inspection, it immediately suspends production and rectification and maintains the authority of safety evaluation. To achieve the above points, a strong functional department is required to make a guarantee. However, the current management department has a single punishment for illegal institutions, factories and mines, and the deterrence is not strong. It is difficult to complete the expected target of the evaluation to achieve the safe operation of the mine. Therefore, it is inevitable that the management department with more comprehensive functions and more centralized power will be established. 2.3 Improve the evaluation means to make the evaluation scientific and reasonable, so that employees can be more easily accepted for safety evaluation. The current safety assessment is divided into technical qualitative, quantitative evaluation and management evaluation and empirical evaluation [4]. 2.3.1 Scientificity of sample sampling In the safety evaluation, for factories and mines with similar process flow, it is impossible to make all inspections within a limited time, and only some samples can be selected as reference. In the selection of samples, the following principles should be followed: 1) Randomness. During the evaluation process, the evaluators should conduct random inspections of the items to be inspected, rather than inspections conducted by factory and personnel. 2) Dispersibility. For example, in coal mining, a mine may have multiple mining methods: comprehensive mining, general mining, and artillery mining. In this way, in the process of safety evaluation, it is necessary to comprehensively inspect all kinds of mining faces to avoid one-sidedness. 3) Rationality. In a complex large-scale production system, there are many factors that cause harm, but the degree of damage will be different, so it is important to extract samples that cause greater damage to the overall safety. 2.3.2 Improvement of Evaluation System In industrialized countries, safety evaluation of factories and mines has been carried out for a long time, and most of them have formed evaluation methods that are in line with the actual situation in the country, such as the six-stage evaluation method of chemical plants in the Ministry of Labour of Japan, and the American chemistry of the United States. The company evaluation method, the British law chemical company's Mondfa. China does not have an evaluation method that is consistent with the actual production of the country. The scoring method, checklist method and probabilistic method currently used are all established with reference to other countries' evaluation methods. Among them, the checklist method is a qualitative method for evaluation by experience, and is suitable for self-inspection and evaluation of daily team. The scoring method is currently the most used method, such as the six-stage evaluation method of the Japanese chemical plant, the evaluation method of the Dow Chemical Company in the United States, and the Monde law of the Imperial Chemical Company of the United Kingdom. The disadvantage of the scoring method is that the quality of the evaluator is high. The choice of parameters depends on the experience of the evaluator. The local parameters are complex and the results are inconsistent after multiple evaluations. The use of computer-aided evaluation in the evaluation can solve the problem that the method is carried out manually, the evaluation process is lengthy, and the results are inconsistent after multiple evaluations. Probability method can find the probability of occurrence of each accident. However, when this method is applied, many useful information is often ignored in the process of taking the extreme value, which leads to the evaluation result not conforming to the actual situation. The improvement method only improves the accuracy of the probability evaluation by strengthening theoretical research. It should be noted that any method has its inevitable advantages and disadvantages, and should be used comprehensively in the evaluation to make the evaluation results more reliable. In the future work, we urgently require experts and scholars to strengthen the research on safety evaluation theory, find out the commonality of other excellent evaluation methods, screen indicators, determine evaluation criteria and index weights, and establish an evaluation system suitable for China's actual situation. Moreover, it is necessary to actively adopt new technologies, such as fuzzy fault tree analysis, fuzzy probability method, computer expert system, decision support system, artificial neural network technology, etc., to improve the quality of safety evaluation. 2.3.3 Preparation of evaluation report According to the “General Rules for Safety Evaluation†promulgated by the State Administration of Work Safety: the safety evaluation report should be comprehensive, well-organized and complete in data. The problems identified are accurate, the proposed countermeasures are concrete and feasible, and the evaluation conclusions are objective and fair. The report should mainly include the following contents: project overview, evaluation scope, evaluation basis (regulations, standards), identification of major hazard sources, identification of evaluation units, selection of evaluation methods, risk assessment, safety countermeasures and measures, evaluation conclusions and recommendations [1] ]. In the actual preparation of the evaluation report, the use of charts to make the report concise and clear; to increase the components of safety measures and measures, to propose detailed and feasible safety measures; the safety evaluation conclusions are objective and clear, and do not mix personal preferences. 3 Conclusion Through the above control measures, it can ensure that the safety evaluation has rules to follow, the evaluation work is reasonable and orderly, the supervision and management of the evaluation is effective and feasible, and in the process of practice, gradually establish an evaluation system suitable for the country's actual situation, so that the evaluation work is truly Be scientific, fair, objective and effective. The guarantee of safety evaluation quality, the orderly development of safety evaluation work, the evaluation work is recognized, accepted and valued by social enterprises, the safety evaluation is in line with the internationally accepted practices, and the safe operation of factories and mines, the adoption of advanced technologies, and management The soundness of the system and the protection of the employees' lives and property have a positive effect. The quality assurance system of safety evaluation is a systematic, scientific and development system. Only by relying on the cooperation and efforts of the state, industry, factories and mines, and giving full play to the role of all aspects, can we establish an efficient and practical safety evaluation mechanism.
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