On October 10, the Ministry of Transport issued the “Guiding Opinions on Deepening Reform to Further Promote the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry (Draft for Comment). The taxi and the special car have once again become the focus of public opinion: Why should traditional taxis be scale controlled? Why can't a private car be a private car?
Experts said: Control is to correct the market failure in the past, mentioning "difficult to take a taxi", people first think of too few cars, calling on the government to let go of scale control, let the taxi market develop freely. According to the draft for comment, the taxi is still subject to license management, and the government must continue to control the total amount. How should this be understood?
“In the late 1970s, some cities in the United States deregulated taxis, which led to problems such as excess quantity, reduced driver revenue, and declining service quality. Later, they regained control.†Guo Jifu, director of the Beijing Transportation Development Research Center, believes that In the taxi industry, the pure market regulation mechanism is malfunctioning.
“Regulation is the necessary means to correct market failures.†In the view of Professor Xu Kangming from Shanghai Sanyi Urban Planning Company, the reasons include: controlling the scale to ensure the reasonable income of drivers, can reduce vicious competition, “free access will attract too much Operators entering the market, resulting in excessive supply of capacity, affecting the income and quality of service and quality of practitioners."
The other side of the coin is that if the regulatory mechanism is not perfect, the regulation may also fail. In this regard, Xu Kangming said that if the scale adjustment interval is too long, it is easy to cause supply shortage; if the price of the business license is too high, it is easy to form an interest group that prevents quantity adjustment. In addition, regulation is also likely to lead to power rent-seeking and black-car.
Some experts also believe that regulation should be liberalized. Zhang Guohua, dean of the Comprehensive Transportation Administration of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that traditional taxi services have great uncertainty. The pairing between supply and demand is completely random, so it is necessary to control the price and quantity. "But the emergence of mobile Internet has completely solved the uncertainty. The theoretical basis of taxi control does not exist."
Ms. Jin, a citizen of Hangzhou, said that the quantity management should be scientific. In the past two years, the number of special vehicles operated by Hangzhou is much higher than that of taxis. “This shows that the original car is too small, and the needs of ordinary people have not been met for a long time.â€
In this regard, the Exposure Draft also stated that it is necessary to establish a sound, scientific and reasonable dynamic monitoring and adjustment mechanism for taxi capacity. The scale is determined. The factors given by Xu Yahua, inspector of the Transportation Department of the Ministry of Transport, include: population size, economic level, taxi mileage utilization, and traffic congestion.
Experts believe that setting a special car threshold is also a constraint to protect this reform. It sets a certain threshold for the private platform enterprises, vehicles and drivers. The taxi platform must not be connected to non-operating vehicles. In other words, the private car owner can no longer take the ID card, driving license and driver's license to the platform company to do the special vehicle, but to meet the relevant conditions and review by relevant departments.
Many experts believe that private cars are used to revitalize existing resources and increase market supply, reflecting the spirit of sharing the economy and facilitating citizens' travel. Many passengers also believe that the service quality of the special car is better than that of the taxi. In addition, there are subsidized promotions from time to time, and the price is very attractive.
“Operating vehicles have higher insurance requirements than non-operating vehicles, more frequent vehicle testing requirements, and stricter vehicle conditions.†In Xu Kangming’s view, some of the current car platforms either claim to be information platforms or Qualitatively, it is a car-shared platform, and does not recognize the provision of operational transportation services; if an accident occurs during transportation, it is difficult to determine the legal responsibility for property damage, passenger injury, third-party injury, driver injury, etc.; Platform companies generally define drivers as independent contractors rather than employees, escaping the costs and risks of insurance, taxation, etc. "For the private car companies, the basic norms are both constraints and protection for their long-term healthy development."
It is undeniable that the rapid development of the private car market has caused a serious impact on the traditional taxi industry. In the demonstration meeting for this reform, taxi drivers in large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Harbin, Zhengzhou, and Chengdu reported that the daily business volume after the launch of the special car decreased by at least 30%. In this regard, on the one hand, while standardizing the management of special vehicles, the reform also proposes to allow differentiated services for parade vehicles and car rentals, to achieve misplaced operations, and to distinguish between service methods, price mechanisms, vehicles and service standards.
It is worth noting that this reform is clear, and carpooling cannot be for profit. “Combination improves vehicle use efficiency and should encourage support. However, the current carpooling services of some platforms are not mutually beneficial, but for-profit transportation.†Xu Kangming believes that the combination of professional transportation is a social mutual assistance relationship. This is not the same as the clear legal liability of professional transportation. The platform should clearly state the related rights and responsibilities in the future, and should not package it as a cheap transportation.
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